Future Science Press Books

The per capita consumption of fish has been continuously increasing over the past five years. Statistical data from the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of the Republic of Indonesia (2014) indicates that fish consumption between 2009 and 2013 saw an increase from 29.08 kg per capita to 35.14 kg per capita, representing a growth of 20.83%. In the year 2010, the cumulative volume of captured fisheries production reached 5,384,418 tons and witnessed significant growth until 2013, culminating in a total of 5,863,170 tons. This growth potential corresponds directly to the potential yield of generated by-products (Rohmah et al., 2015). Fishery by-products consist of bones, skin, fins, heads, scales, and internal organs. Fishery byproducts represent one of the greatest challenges in the fish processing industry (Atma, 2016). Improper management of these by-products can lead to environmental issues, especially when the organic content in fish processing waste becomes a nutrient source for microbial growth (Syahrul and Dewita, 2016). Fishery by-products have significant economic value when handled properly. These byproducts still contain relatively high levels of protein and amino acids.

GenBank atau EMBL merupakan data bank untuk menyimpan data mentah seperti penyimpanan sekuen asam nukleat/DNA yang berasal dari penelitian-penelitian biologi. Data bank tersebut bersifat free (open access) sehingga semua ilmuwan dunia dapat mengakses data secara langsung melalui world wide web dan di sisi lain, Data mentah yang baru didapatkan dari hasil penelitian-penelitian yang telah dilakukan di laboratorium dapat ditambahkan ke dalam bank data yang telah tersedia. Bank data lainnya seperti tremble yang berisikan kumpulan sekuen asam amino penyusun suatu protein yang notabene adalah produk translasi dari semua sekuen DNA yang telah disimpan. Buku ini membahas terkait tahapan-tahapan yang diperlukan dalam mendesain primer sehingga memudahkan peneliti dalam analisis sekuen DNA.